New Zealand's Training Within Industry [TWI] Explained
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Training Within Industry [TWI] in New Zealand
Whilst employed by New Zealand Forest Products the author qualified as a TWI Trainer of TWI Trainers for the three programs of Job Instruction, Job Relations, and Job Methods.
The Training Within Industry Scheme [TWI] is a management tool that develops and successfully implements leadership skills and is acknowledged elsewhere in the world as the only scheme that does work. The TWI Scheme facilitates skills development and business continuous improvement.
The TWI Scheme is not an apprenticeship training scheme, it consists of management tools! The job instruction tool is perfect for giving of instruction to apprentices on-the-job by experienced trades persons.
One element is the TWI Archway, used to show that all members attending the session are "supervisors" within the definition of that term. TWI is concerned with the supervisory function of being in charge of people and directing their work. This is one of the functions of all levels of management.
Figure 1-1 shows the typical TWI archway. There are variants but the message by all TWI Trainers is the same.
Figure 1-1 Typical TWI Archway.
The skill in leading, the skill in improving methods with the skill in instructing as the keystone are supported by a supervisor's knowledge of work and knowledge of responsibilities, including to those whom a supervisor directs in their work.
The foundation supporting a supervisor is 'management support'.
Certified TWI Trainers present the programs of which they are qualified in, using exactly the same reference manuals for delivery. The only variation in the delivery and on-job coaching by trainers is in some of the examples used to illustrate key points.
Team leaders are given the opportunity to learn and practice the four-step process in a confidential, low-stress, and highly supportive environment.
Each program is simple, straight-forward and easy to implement following attendance on a program and on-job coaching by a TWI Trainer.
The individual aids include pocket reference cards for daily use after the program has been completed.
Job Instruction Program
How it Works
The On-Job Instruction [JI] program is conducted for a group of approximately 8 people in 10 hours, based on 2-hourly sessions daily for 5 consecutive days. The qualified program presenter, the TWI Trainer, spends time on the job with each group member to coach and experience them in what has been shown.
The Objective
The Job Instruction Program objective is to trains group members in how to quickly train employees to do the job correctly, safely, and conscientiously. The outcome helps team leaders develop a well-trained workforce resulting in less scrap and rework, fewer accidents, and less tool and equipment damage.
The Method
The On-Job Instruction program TWI Trainer trains group members in how to effectively break down a job for instruction. The method emphasizes preparing team members to learn, giving a proper demonstration, identifying key points in the job and safety is always a key point, observing a team member perform the job, and tapering off coaching and continuing to follow up.
The outcome from a Job Instruction program is that specific jobs get done:
How it Works
The Job Relations program [JR] is conducted for a group of approximately 8 people in 10 hours, based on 2-hourly sessions daily for 5 consecutive days. The qualified program presenter, the TWI Trainer, spends time on-the-job with each group member to coach and experience them in what has been shown.
The four main category of problems are those that:
The JR program objective is to train group members in how to build positive employee relations, increase cooperation and motivation, and effectively resolve conflicts. JR emphasizes that people must be treated as individuals.
The Method
The TWI Trainer introduces group members to the foundations for developing and maintaining good relations to prevent problems from arising. Principles include providing constructive feedback, giving credit when due, telling people in advance about changes that will affect them, making the best use of each person's ability and earning the employee's loyalty and cooperation.
The outcome from a Job Relations program is that when problems do arise, the Team leaders know to get the facts, weigh them, make a decision, take action, and check results.
Job Methods Program
How it Works
The Job Methods [JM] program is conducted for a group of approximately 8 people in 10 hours, based on 2-hourly sessions daily for 5 consecutive days. The qualified program presenter, the TWI Trainer, spends time on the job with each group member to coach and experience them in what has been shown.
The Objective
The objective of the JM program is to train group members in how to improve the way jobs are done. The aim of the program is to help produce greater quantities of quality products in less time by making the best use of the available people, machines, equipment, resources and materials.
The Method
The TWI Trainer trains the group members in how to break down jobs into their constituent processes. They question details and develop new methods by eliminating, combining, and rearranging these details.
The outcome from a Job Methods program is a clearly defined process for continuous improvement within a business.
After the war, the TWI Scheme was retained in the United Kingdom and the USA. It was later introduced into New Zealand where it was administered by the Industrial Training Service of the then Department of Labour.
Some of the TWI Scheme elements are the foundation of the LEAN Managament concept.
Content Author's Note:
Information about the Training Within Industry Scheme [TWI] within New Zealand is presented on this page for historical purposes and fact. Having retired many years ago, the author is no longer active in presentation of TWI programs. The reason for the page is because when government administration of the TWI Scheme, conducted by Industrial Training Service [ITS] of the former Department of Labour, ceased in 1987 no documents were filed with the National Archives. The author retains all of his documents which have been copied by a USA person to facilitate recovery of the TWI Scheme in the USA and other countries.Whilst employed by New Zealand Forest Products the author qualified as a TWI Trainer of TWI Trainers for the three programs of Job Instruction, Job Relations, and Job Methods.
Training Within Industry [TWI] Scheme - A Management Tool
The Training Within Industry Scheme [TWI] is a management tool that develops and successfully implements leadership skills and is acknowledged elsewhere in the world as the only scheme that does work. The TWI Scheme facilitates skills development and business continuous improvement.
Training Within Industry [TWI] Defined
The Training Within Industry [TWI] Scheme's three programs are management tools to increase production and give better service of correct quality, produced under conditions of safety, and in an atmosphere of good relations. Total management commitment and involvement is essential for success.The TWI Scheme is not an apprenticeship training scheme, it consists of management tools! The job instruction tool is perfect for giving of instruction to apprentices on-the-job by experienced trades persons.
The TWI Archway
The Job Instruction program is the first program participants attend within the TWI Scheme conducted by a certified/qualified TWI Trainer. The first 2-hour session enables the Trainer to introduce elements that are applicable on the job, and also fundamental to the subsequent Job Relations and Job Methods programs.One element is the TWI Archway, used to show that all members attending the session are "supervisors" within the definition of that term. TWI is concerned with the supervisory function of being in charge of people and directing their work. This is one of the functions of all levels of management.
Figure 1-1 shows the typical TWI archway. There are variants but the message by all TWI Trainers is the same.
Figure 1-1 Typical TWI Archway.
The foundation supporting a supervisor is 'management support'.
Three Training Within Industry Programs
The universal TWI scheme consists of three standardized programs covering essential skills needed by all managers and team leaders, regardless of their industry:- Skill in Instruction, the Job Instruction Program
- Skill in Leading, the Job Relations Program
- Skill in Improving Methods, the Job Methods Program
Four-step Process
Each TWI program follows a proven four-step process: Preparation, Presentation, Application and Testing. The four-step process applies without variation world-wide.Certified TWI Trainers present the programs of which they are qualified in, using exactly the same reference manuals for delivery. The only variation in the delivery and on-job coaching by trainers is in some of the examples used to illustrate key points.
Team leaders are given the opportunity to learn and practice the four-step process in a confidential, low-stress, and highly supportive environment.
Each program is simple, straight-forward and easy to implement following attendance on a program and on-job coaching by a TWI Trainer.
The individual aids include pocket reference cards for daily use after the program has been completed.
Job Instruction Program
How it Works
The On-Job Instruction [JI] program is conducted for a group of approximately 8 people in 10 hours, based on 2-hourly sessions daily for 5 consecutive days. The qualified program presenter, the TWI Trainer, spends time on the job with each group member to coach and experience them in what has been shown.
The Objective
The Job Instruction Program objective is to trains group members in how to quickly train employees to do the job correctly, safely, and conscientiously. The outcome helps team leaders develop a well-trained workforce resulting in less scrap and rework, fewer accidents, and less tool and equipment damage.
The Method
The On-Job Instruction program TWI Trainer trains group members in how to effectively break down a job for instruction. The method emphasizes preparing team members to learn, giving a proper demonstration, identifying key points in the job and safety is always a key point, observing a team member perform the job, and tapering off coaching and continuing to follow up.
The OutcomesThe Four Steps in TWI Job Instruction
- STEP 1. PREPARE THE LEARNER
- STEP 2. PRESENT THE OPERATION
- STEP 3. TRY OUT PERFORMANCE
- STEP 4. FOLLOW UP
The outcome from a Job Instruction program is that specific jobs get done:
- Correctly
- Quickly
- Safely
- Conscientiously
How it Works
The Job Relations program [JR] is conducted for a group of approximately 8 people in 10 hours, based on 2-hourly sessions daily for 5 consecutive days. The qualified program presenter, the TWI Trainer, spends time on-the-job with each group member to coach and experience them in what has been shown.
The four main category of problems are those that:
- You sense
- Size up
- Are bought to you
- Burst in your face
The JR program objective is to train group members in how to build positive employee relations, increase cooperation and motivation, and effectively resolve conflicts. JR emphasizes that people must be treated as individuals.
The Method
The TWI Trainer introduces group members to the foundations for developing and maintaining good relations to prevent problems from arising. Principles include providing constructive feedback, giving credit when due, telling people in advance about changes that will affect them, making the best use of each person's ability and earning the employee's loyalty and cooperation.
The OutcomesThe Four Steps in TWI Job Relations
- STEP 1. GET THE FACTS
- STEP 2. WEIGH AND DECIDE
- STEP 3. TAKE ACTION
- STEP 4. CHECK RESULTS
The outcome from a Job Relations program is that when problems do arise, the Team leaders know to get the facts, weigh them, make a decision, take action, and check results.
Job Methods Program
How it Works
The Job Methods [JM] program is conducted for a group of approximately 8 people in 10 hours, based on 2-hourly sessions daily for 5 consecutive days. The qualified program presenter, the TWI Trainer, spends time on the job with each group member to coach and experience them in what has been shown.
The Objective
The objective of the JM program is to train group members in how to improve the way jobs are done. The aim of the program is to help produce greater quantities of quality products in less time by making the best use of the available people, machines, equipment, resources and materials.
The Method
The TWI Trainer trains the group members in how to break down jobs into their constituent processes. They question details and develop new methods by eliminating, combining, and rearranging these details.
The OutcomesThe Six Steps in TWI Job Methods
- STEP 1. SELECT THE JOB
- STEP 2. ANALYSE AND RECORD JOB AS DONE NOW
- STEP 3. EXAMINE - KEY ACTIVIRIES FIRST
- STEP 4. DEVELOP NEW METHOD
- STEP 5. INSTALL NEW METHOD
- STEP 6. MAINTAIN NEW METHOD
The outcome from a Job Methods program is a clearly defined process for continuous improvement within a business.
TWI Qualifications
The qualifications of Victor Johnson, are results of formal certification and implementation experience within many businesses over more than 2 decades. He was certified by the Industrial Training Service as a firm's TWI Trainer within New Zealand Forest Products for Job Instruction, Job Relations, and Job Methods. He was subsequently trained and certified as a Industrial Training Service TWI Trainer of TWI Trainers within New Zealand Forest Products.History of TWI Development
The Training Within Industry Scheme was developed during WWII by the Allied governments of Canada, United Kingdom, and the United States of America. The purpose was to have an effective and efficient system that could be universally applied within industries for speedy training of the work forces in production of supplies and materials needed for the war effort.After the war, the TWI Scheme was retained in the United Kingdom and the USA. It was later introduced into New Zealand where it was administered by the Industrial Training Service of the then Department of Labour.
Summary
In the early 1950's the TWI Scheme was introduced from the USA into Japan as a means to boost business and economic recovery following its defeat in WWII. The three TWI programs are the core of the Toyota Production System.Some of the TWI Scheme elements are the foundation of the LEAN Managament concept.
Copyright ©. All rights reserved. 2012. Premier Strategics Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand. Updated 15 January 2013.